Ošetřovatelské perspektivy 2020, 3(2):23-36 | DOI: 10.25142/osp.2020.011

USING OF ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES IN PREGNANCY AND THEIR EFFECT ON NEWBORN

Daniela Nedvědová1, Gabriela Světnická1
1 Ústav ošetřovatelství, Fakulta veřejných politik v Opavě, Slezská univerzita v Opavě

Background: Drug addiction in pregnancy is a very serious and social problem. Drugs negatively affect the course of pregnancy, fetal development and the newborn. A pregnant woman who uses drugs not only harms her body, but also negatively affects the child's development. As a result of sporadic visits to prenatal clinics by pregnant women, children are later born with various difficulties.

Aim: The aim of the article was to process information from czech and foreign sources concerning the use of addictive substances in pregnancy. Another aim was to find out what effect the use of addictive substances in pregnancy has on the newborn.

Methods: The article was conceived as a theoretical state.

Results: Addictive substances taken by a pregnant woman during pregnancy have a negative impact on the course of pregnancy. Intrauterine growth retardation of the foetus, spontaneous abortion, premature birth, placental abruption, problems with pregnancy, menstrual irregularities and the risk of stillbirth occur. Children born to drugaddicted mothers have an increased risk of drug toxicity both during and after pregnancy. Neonates develop neonatal abstinence syndrome, foetal alcohol syndrome, low birth weight, neonatal mortality, lower Apgar score and congenital anomalies.

Conclusion: The use of all types of drugs has a negative impact on pregnancy and foetal development. Drug use in pregnancy is a complex problem that affects all aspects of a woman's life, so it is important that experts from different disciplines (through doctors,
non-medical medical staff, social workers and others) take part in its solution. Working with drug-addicted pregnant women as well as newborns with withdrawal symptoms has its specificities and cannot be treated routinely and in the same way as other pregnant women and newborns. Primary education of young age groups on drugs and their negative effects on pregnancy and foetal development, or further education of dependent mothers on how to deal with a difficult situation that has already arisen, would therefore be appropriate.

Keywords: addictive substances, pregnancy, newborn, adverse reaction, fetal alcohol syndrome, neonatal abstinence syndrome

Received: October 12, 2020; Revised: November 5, 2020; Accepted: November 8, 2020; Published: February 12, 2021  Show citation

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Nedvědová D, Světnická G. USING OF ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES IN PREGNANCY AND THEIR EFFECT ON NEWBORN. Ošetřovatelské perspektivy. 2020;3(2):23-36. doi: 10.25142/osp.2020.011.
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